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Basic commands

cd​

cd: Moving around in file system

cd ~/
cd /var/log

ls​

ls
ls -a
ls -h
ls -l

pwd​

pwd

mkdir​

mkdir foo
mkdir -p foo/bar/

cat​

cat: Print the entire text file in standard output.

cat memo.txt

If you pass multiple files, it will provide concatinated standard output. (This is the intended usage of cat!)

cat memo1.txt memo2.txt > memo-all.txt

less​

If you have a long text file, you should consider using less instead of cat. less is a pager progam that lets you see the contents of a text file, allowing you to navigate through the file using vi-like shortcuts (e.g., j for down, k for up.)

less memo.txt

hostname​

If you are working with multiple devices, for example with your local machine and a remote server, you might lose track of which device you are accessing. The hostname command gives you the name of the machine you are currently accessing.

hostname